The CTONI is an unbiased test that measures six different types of nonverbal reasoning abilities. In the six subtests, students look at a group of pictures and solve problems using analogies, categorizations, and sequences. Because they indicate their answers by simply pointing to alternative choices, the CTONI is particularly appropriate for students who are bilingual, speak a language other than English, or are socially/economically disadvantaged, deaf, language disordered, motor impaired, or neurologically impaired (ages 6-89 years). Three cognitive abilities are measured in two separate contexts: pictorial objects, which contain familiar objects, such as people, toys, and animals; and geometric designs, such as unfamiliar sketches, drawings, and patterns. The three cognitive abilities measured include: • Analogical Reasoning-understanding the relationship of four figural and symbolic objects in which the relationship between the first and second objects is the same as that between a third and fourth objects. • Categorical Classification-understanding the common attributes into which figural or symbolic objects are grouped. • Sequential Reasoning-understanding the successive relationship of figural or symbolic objects. . . . Administration/Scoring The CTONI directions can be administered orally to students who speak English or in pantomime to those who speak languages other than English or who are deaf, aphasic, or neurologically impaired. Each subtest has three practice items. Students start with the first item of each subtest and proceed until three out of five consecutive responses are incorrect. The raw score for each subtest is the number performed correctly up to that point. The raw scores are then transformed into percentiles, age equivalents, and standard scores. All four types of scores can be recorded on the Profile/Examiner Record Form. Three “composite” scores are also provided: nonverbal intelligence quotient, pictorial nonverbal intelligence quotient, and geometric nonverbal intelligence quotient. Reliability/Validity Reliability and validity studies were conducted for all the targeted subgroups in the normative sample. The results show that the statistical properties of the CTONI are similar for all these groups, a fact which further demonstrates the unbiased nature of the CTONI. Complete Set: CTONI Examiner’s Manual, Analogies Picture Book, Categories Picture Book, Sequences Picture Book, and 25 Profile/Examiner Record Forms, all in a sturdy storage box |
